Kanpur ( pronunciation ), is a metropolis in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. The greater metropolis is divided into two districts: the urban district of Kanpur Nagar and the rural district of Kanpur Dehat. With the city being situated in the urban district, along with some other townships; while the rural settlements making up the rural district. The word Kanpur itself always refers and applies to the city in the urban district, while Kanpur Nagar, Kanpur, and Kanpur City can be and are used interchangably. Though, historical usage may extend to the city's outer limits which now form the rural district. It is because of its history that both the separate districts are considered part of the single metropolis. The city is famous for its leather and textile industries. It is the 12th most populous city and the 11th most populous urban agglomeration in India. It is also the second largest city proper and the largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh. Kanpur was an important British garrison town until 1947, when India gained independence. Kanpur Nagar serves as the headquarters of the Kanpur Division, Kanpur Range and Kanpur Zone. On the west bank of the river Ganga, it is a major trade and commercial centre in North India, with the first woolen mill of India, commonly known as the Lal Imli (literally meaning "Red Tamarind", for a brand produced by the mill) by the British India Corporation established here in 1876 by Alexander MacRobert. The eastern and northern facades of the mill are reminiscent of the Palace of Westminster, due to their architecture, proximity to the Ganga river and with the north-east corner of the mill being topped by a clock tower similar to that of the iconic Big Ben in London. This similarity cements the city's importance and prestige during the British times, which extends till date; making the Lal Imli — a great highlight of the city. The city is also widely regarded as the "Leather City of the World" and is predominantly nicknamed as the "Manchester of the East", with some versions going as: the "Manchester of India" — a title shared with other British industrial hubs of their time: cities like Ahmedabad and Surat. According to 2011 Indian census, it is the eleventh most populous urban city while the population of city and its suburb were around 5 million making it the eighth-most populous metropolitan area in India. Furthermore, it is considered the world's most polluted city by particulate matter concentration. In 2018, Kanpur, was considered by the World Health Organization as the city with the world's worst air pollution.

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